See the Running in Pittsburgh and Running in Boston pages for information specific to those cities.
2011 update: On a sad note, "John Hadd", the nom de plume of John Walsh, a Mala-based coach and founder of the Malta Marathon, passed away on September 17, 2011. One of Hadd's athletes has started posting more details about hadd's training on a milesplit.com thread.
Advanced Marathoning - 2nd Edition by Pete Pfitzinger and Scott Douglas is one of the best marathon training books I've read for the medium-advanced (read: not a beginner, but not an elite runner) runner.
Road Racing for Serious Runners: Multispeed Training- 5K to Marathon offers similar advice, but targeted less specifically at "omg, must run marathon!"
Daniels' Running Formula - 2nd Edition,
Jack Daniels, ISBN 0-88011-735-4. Aimed at runners with some experience under
their belt trying to get better. Training for distance events - 1500m to marathon.
Great book. Pace tables may be too aggressive for novice runners.
Better Training for Distance Runners - 2nd Edition
David E. Martin and Peter N. Coe. A comprehensive training theory book aimed at coaches and
athletes with an interest in understanding the fundamentals of athletic development.
A great book to answer "Why the heck do all of these training schedules say X?".
Not a short book - covers everything from the anatomy and physiology of running to
training at altitude. But a good read for those interested in the topic.
If you quite like to read about running -- particularly the exercise and sport science part -- The Lore of Running, 4th Edition is the book for you. Or should I say "the massive tome for you"? Huge book; summarizes lots of training plans from other well-known books, including the Pfitzinger, Martin & Coe, Daniels, and Galloway books mentioned here. Summarizes reams of scientific research on physiology and running. I own this book and have read it cover to cover, but I'm kind of a geek. Pros: Most comprehensive book on running in existence. Cons: Doesn't give you a simple answer.
The Triathlete's Training Bible: A Complete Training Guide for the Competitive Multisport Athlete,
Joe Friel. A book aimed at the self-coached triathlete, with training outlines, not
plans. You won't find "If you want to complete an olympic distance tri in 2:20, do these
workouts" in this book, you'll find a more general framework for helping create a training
plan tailored to your own needs. As with some of the other books, it's not a completely
beginner book, but it's good. Really, really good. Friel knows his stuff, and
his training methodology is effective.
Galloway's Book on Running --
the first edition is a lot better!.
Jeff Galloway. The 1st e. of this book is a great introductory
running book. The second edition got a little fluffy, though the
material is still there, and it's still a good intro book.
The
Principles of Running
Amby Burfoot, editor of Runners World.
This is a bite-sized intro to running book that's got a high
information-to-words ratio. It's pretty introductory, but isn't
broken. Good advice for a new runner in a very easily digestable
package. Ny picked this one up and enjoyed it a lot.
Textbook of Running Medicine,
Francis O'Connor, Robert Wilder. Make no mistake about it, this is a medical textbook
aimed primarily at the practicing physician. That said, if you have a moderate
clue about anatomy and medicine, it's not a bad reference book to have around.
However, at $85, it's not cheap. I'm glad I own it, but it's one of those
things that I lend out a lot so other people don't have to buy it...
Unfortunately, it's now out of print. If anyone has a recommendation for
an in-print replacement, let me know and I'll update this. The used prices
for this book are insane.
The Lore of Running covers numerous injury-related issues and is a good general place to start looking.